In May 2023, Raymond Mattia, a member of the Tohono O’odham Nation, was shot and killed by U.S. Border Patrol outside his home. The Nation sits on a remote stretch of the U.S.–Mexico border, where federal agents operate with sweeping authority in the name of immigration control. But Raymond’s death reveals something deeper: an uneasy and long-standing relationship between Indigenous sovereignty and the expanding reach of the U.S. government.